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Acne Vulgaris
Verified
العد الشائع (حب الشباب)
Dermatological
L70.0
Appearance of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads)Inflamed red papules and pustulesPainful subcutaneous nodules and cysts in severe cases+2
Direct clinical diagnosis (there is no standard laboratory or imaging test)
Acromegaly
Verified
ضخامة النهايات
Endocrine
E22.0
Enlarged hands and feetCoarse facial featuresJoint pain+1
Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for GH suppression
Acute Appendicitis
التهاب الزائدة الدودية الحاد
Gastrointestinal
K35
Periumbilical pain migrating to the right lower quadrantAnorexiaNausea+2
Abdominal Computed Tomography (CT scan)
Acute Bacterial Meningitis
التهاب السحايا البكتيري الحاد
Neurological
G00
severe headachefevernuchal rigidity+3
lumbar puncture with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and culture
Acute Bronchitis
Verified
التهاب القصبات الحاد
Respiratory
J20
Cough (initially dry, subsequently productive)Nasal congestionSore throat+2
Clinical assessment (diagnosis of exclusion)
Acute Gastritis
التهاب المعدة الحاد
Gastrointestinal
K29.0
upper abdominal painnauseavomiting+1
Upper GI Endoscopy
Acute Heart Failure
Verified
قصور القلب الحاد
Cardiovascular
I50.0
Exertional dyspneaParoxysmal nocturnal dyspneaFatigue+2
Echocardiography and NT-proBNP
Acute Ischemic Stroke
Verified
السكتة الدماغية الاحتشائية الحادة
Neurological
I63
Sudden unilateral weaknessDysarthria or aphasiaFacial droop+2
Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI-MRI) or CT scan within the therapeutic time window
Acute Myocardial Infarction
Verified
احتشاء عضلة القلب الحاد
Cardiovascular
I21.9
Severe chest painPain radiating to the left armCold sweats+2
Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Troponin
Acute myocarditis
Verified
التهاب عضلة القلب الحاد
Cardiovascular
I40.9
Chest painShortness of breathPalpitations+1
Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB)
Acute Pancreatitis
التهاب البنكرياس الحاد
Gastrointestinal
K85
Severe epigastric pain radiating to the backNausea and vomitingFever+1
Serum lipase combined with abdominal computed tomography (CT)
Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Verified
الصمة الرئوية الحادة
Cardiovascular
I26
Sudden onset dyspneaPleuritic chest painHemoptysis+2
Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA)
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
متلازمة الضائقة التنفسية الحادة
Respiratory
J80
Severe shortness of breathRapid, shallow breathingConfusion and altered mental status+1
Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis combined with chest radiography/CT (Berlin criteria)
Acute respiratory failure
الفشل التنفسي الحاد
Respiratory
J96.00
Severe shortness of breathRapid and shallow breathingConfusion or altered mental status+1
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) analysis
Acute Severe Asthma Exacerbation
الربو القصبي الحاد الشديد
Respiratory
J45.901
Severe dyspneaWheezingCough+3
Clinical assessment, Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) monitoring, and Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) analysis
Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)
Verified
احتشاء عضلة القلب الحاد مع ارتفاع المقطع ST
Cardiovascular
I21.0
Compressive chest painCold diaphoresisNausea+2
Electrocardiogram (ECG) + High-sensitivity Troponin I/T
Addison's Disease (Primary Adrenal Insufficiency)
Verified
مرض أديسون (القصور الكظري الأولي)
Endocrine
E27.1
Chronic fatigue and generalized weaknessUnexplained weight lossSalt craving+2
Cosyntropin (ACTH) stimulation test
Allergic Rhinitis
التهاب الأنف التحسسي
Respiratory
J30.4
Recurrent sneezing, especially in the morningClear, watery rhinorrheaNasal congestion and obstruction+2
Skin Prick Test or serum-specific IgE antibody testing
Alopecia Areata
Verified
الثعلبة البقعية
Dermatological
L63.9
Sudden hair loss in round or oval-shaped patchesAppearance of smooth bald patches on the scalp or beardMild itching or pain at the site of hair loss preceding onset+1
Clinical examination and dermoscopy; skin biopsy is reserved for atypical cases only
Alzheimer's Disease
مرض آلزهايمر
Neurological
G30
Progressive memory lossAphasia/Language impairmentExecutive dysfunction+2
Neuropsychological assessment (MMSE/MoCA) + Brain MRI + Amyloid/Tau PET scan (for confirmation)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
التصلب الجانبي الضموري
Neurological
G12.21
Progressive muscle weaknessMuscle fasciculationsDysphagia+1
Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS)
Anaphylaxis
التأق (الحساسية المفرطة)
Other
T78.2
Hives or generalized erythemaSwelling of lips, tongue, or throatWheezing or shortness of breath+2
Clinical diagnosis (Serum tryptase can support diagnosis retrospectively)
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Verified
التهاب الفقار المقسط
Musculoskeletal
M45.9
Chronic lower back pain that worsens with rest and improves with exerciseMorning stiffness in the back lasting more than 30 minutesAlternating buttock pain+2
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the sacroiliac joints to detect early active inflammation
Anorexia Nervosa
Verified
فقدان الشهية العصابي
Psychiatric
F50.0
Severe weight lossIntense fear of gaining weightDistorted body image+2
Clinical psychiatric evaluation based on DSM-5 criteria
Aortic Stenosis
Verified
تضيق الصمام الأبهري
Cardiovascular
I35.0
Exertional dyspnea (shortness of breath)Angina pectoris (chest pain)Syncope or presyncope on exertion+1
Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE)
Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)
Verified
الأكزيما التأتبية
Dermatological
L20
Intense pruritusXerosisErythema+3
Clinical diagnosis (Hanifin & Rajka criteria or UK Working Party Criteria)
Atrial Fibrillation
Verified
الرجفان الأذيني
Cardiovascular
I48
PalpitationsDyspneaFatigue+2
12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
اضطراب نقص الانتباه وفرط النشاط
Psychiatric
F90.9
InattentionHyperactivityImpulsivity+2
Clinical evaluation using validated rating scales (e.g., Conners or Vanderbilt scales)
Bipolar Disorder
اضطراب ثنائي القطب
Psychiatric
F31.9
severe mood swingsmanic episodes characterized by high energy and decreased need for sleepdepressive episodes involving sadness and loss of interest (anhedonia)+2
comprehensive clinical psychiatric evaluation using structured interviews (SCID)
Bipolar I Disorder
اضطراب ثنائي القطب من النوع الأول
Psychiatric
F31.9
Severe mood swings between mania and depressionHyperactivity and unusual energy levelsDecreased need for sleep+3
Comprehensive psychiatric clinical assessment based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria
Borderline Personality Disorder
Verified
اضطراب الشخصية الحدية
Psychiatric
F60.3
Emotional instabilityIntense fear of abandonmentImpulsive behavior+1
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Personality Disorders (SCID-5-PD)
Bronchial Asthma
Verified
الربو القصبي
Respiratory
J45
wheezingdyspneanocturnal cough+1
Spirometry with bronchodilator response
Bronchiectasis
توسع القصبات
Respiratory
J47.9
Chronic cough with copious purulent sputumHemoptysisDyspnea+3
High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) of the chest
Bulimia nervosa
Verified
الشره المرضي العصبي
Psychiatric
F50.2
Binge eating episodesSelf-induced vomitingExcessive exercise+1
Clinical psychiatric evaluation based on DSM-5 criteria
Bullous pemphigoid
الفقاع المائي
Dermatological
L12.0
Large, tense blisters on the skinSevere itchingSkin redness+1
Skin biopsy with direct immunofluorescence
Celiac Disease
Verified
الداء البطني (السيلياك)
Gastrointestinal
K90.0
Chronic diarrhea or steatorrheaAbdominal bloating and painUnintentional weight loss+2
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with multiple duodenal biopsies
Celiac Disease
Verified
الداء الزلاقي
Gastrointestinal
K90.0
Chronic diarrhea or steatorrheaAbdominal pain and bloatingWeight loss+3
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with duodenal biopsy
Cellulitis
الحمرة (التهاب النسيج الخلوي)
Dermatological
L03
Erythema and swelling of the skinLocalized painLocal warmth+2
Clinical diagnosis (cultures rarely useful except in severe cases)
Cholera
Verified
الكوليرا
Infectious
A00.9
Severe watery diarrheaVomitingLeg cramps+1
Stool culture
Chronic ischemic heart disease
Verified
داء القلب الإقفاري المزمن
Cardiovascular
I25.9
Exertional chest pain (angina)Shortness of breathFatigue+1
Coronary angiography
Chronic Kidney Disease
مرض الكلى المزمن
Other
N18.9
Fatigue and general malaisePeripheral edema (ankle and foot swelling)Changes in urinary frequency and volume+3
Assessment of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (UACR)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Verified
الداء الرئوي الانسدادي المزمن
Respiratory
J44
progressive exertional dyspneachronic coughmorning sputum production+2
post-bronchodilator spirometry
Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Verified
الالتهاب الرئوي المكتسب من المجتمع
Respiratory
J18.9
productive coughfeverdyspnea+2
chest X-ray and sputum culture
Crohn's Disease
Verified
الداء الالتهابي المعوي (مرض كرون)
Gastrointestinal
K50
chronic diarrheaabdominal painweight loss+2
colonoscopy with histopathological biopsy
Croup (Acute laryngotracheobronchitis)
الخانوق (التهاب الحنجرة والرغامى والقصبات الحاد)
Respiratory
J05.0
Barking coughInspiratory stridorHoarseness+2
Clinical diagnosis
Cushing's Syndrome
Verified
متلازمة كوشينغ
Endocrine
E24
Central obesityMoon faceMuscle wasting+4
24-hour urinary free cortisol + dexamethasone suppression test + late-night salivary cortisol
Cystic Fibrosis
التليف الكيسي
Other
E84.9
Persistent cough with thick mucusFrequent lung infectionsPoor weight gain+1
Sweat chloride test
Deep Vein Thrombosis
تخثر الوريد العميق
Cardiovascular
I80.2
Unilateral leg swellingCalf pain or tendernessWarmth over the affected area+1
Venous duplex ultrasonography
Dengue Fever
Verified
حمى الضنك
Infectious
A90
Sudden high feverRetro-orbital headacheMyalgia and arthralgia+3
NS1 antigen (days 1-5), IgM/IgG serology (after day 5), and PCR
Diabetes Insipidus
Verified
البوال التفه (السكري الكاذب)
Endocrine
E23.2
PolyuriaPolydipsiaNocturia+1
Water deprivation test
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Verified
الحماض الكيتوني السكري
Endocrine
E10.1
Nausea and vomitingAbdominal painDyspnea+4
Arterial blood gases (ABG), plasma glucose, and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Verified
اعتلال العضلة القلبية التوسعي
Cardiovascular
I42.0
Shortness of breathFatigue and exhaustionSwelling of legs and ankles+1
Echocardiography
Endometriosis
الانتباذ البطاني الرحمي
Other
N80.9
Severe dysmenorrhea (pelvic pain during menstruation)Dyspareunia (pain during intercourse)Chronic pelvic pain+2
Diagnostic laparoscopy with histological confirmation
Epilepsy
Verified
الصرع
Neurological
G40
convulsive seizurestransient loss of consciousnessmuscle spasms+2
Electroencephalography (EEG) combined with brain MRI
Essential Hypertension
Verified
ارتفاع ضغط الدم الأساسي
Cardiovascular
I10
headachedizzinesschest pain+1
repeated blood pressure measurement
Fibromyalgia
Verified
الألم العضلي الليفي
Musculoskeletal
M79.7
Widespread musculoskeletal pain throughout the bodyChronic unexplained fatigue and exhaustionSleep disturbances (non-restorative or fragmented sleep)+2
Comprehensive clinical assessment based on American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria (there is no definitive laboratory or radiological test)
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
الارتجاع المعدي المريئي
Gastrointestinal
K21
HeartburnAcid regurgitationDysphagia+2
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (EGD) and 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Verified
اضطراب القلق العام
Psychiatric
F41.1
Excessive anxietyRestlessnessFatigue+4
Clinical assessment (DSM-5 criteria) and GAD-7 scale
Glaucoma
الزرق (المياه الزرقاء)
Other
H40.9
Gradual peripheral vision loss (tunnel vision)Seeing colored halos around lightsSudden, severe eye pain (in cases of angle-closure glaucoma)+1
Funduscopy combined with visual field testing and tonometry
Gout
النقرس
Musculoskeletal
M10
Sudden, severe pain in the big toeRedness and joint swellingNocturnal pain+1
Synovial fluid analysis via microscopy (negatively birefringent monosodium urate crystals)
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
متلازمة غيلان باريه
Neurological
G61.0
Progressive bilateral muscle weaknessTingling or numbness in extremitiesLoss of deep tendon reflexes+2
Nerve conduction studies (NCS) and Electromyography (EMG) combined with CSF analysis
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
متلازمة غيلان باريه
Neurological
G61.0
Progressive, ascending bilateral muscle weaknessAreflexia or hyporeflexiaParesthesia in hands and feet+3
Lumbar puncture (CSF analysis) and Electromyography/Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Verified
التهاب الغدة الدرقية هاشيموتو
Endocrine
E06.3
FatigueUnexplained weight gainCold intolerance+1
Serum anti-TPO antibodies test
Hemophilia A
الهيموفيليا أ (الناعور أ)
Other
D66
Prolonged bleeding after injuries, surgery, or tooth extractionSpontaneous joint bleeding (hemarthrosis) causing pain and swellingLarge, unexplained bruises+1
Factor VIII activity assay
Hepatitis C
Verified
التهاب الكبد الفيروسي ج
Infectious
B18.2
Often asymptomatic in the early chronic phaseChronic fatigue and general malaiseArthralgia and myalgia+3
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test for HCV RNA detection and viral genotyping
Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Verified
التهاب الغدد العرقية القيحي
Dermatological
L73.2
Deep-seated painful nodules in the skinRecurrent abscessesDraining sinus tracts (fistulas)+1
Clinical diagnosis using the Hurley staging system
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Verified
فيروس نقص المناعة البشرية
Infectious
B20
Fever and recurrent night sweatsLymphadenopathyUnexplained weight loss+3
Fourth-generation HIV-1/2 p24 antigen/antibody combination assay, followed by HIV RNA PCR viral load test
Huntington's disease
داء هنتنغتون
Neurological
G10
ChoreaCognitive declinePsychiatric disturbances+1
Genetic testing for HTT gene
Hyperthyroidism (Graves' Disease)
Verified
فرط نشاط الدرق
Endocrine
E05
PalpitationsWeight loss with increased appetiteDiaphoresis+4
Serum TSH, free T4, T3, and TRAb (and/or radioactive iodine uptake/scan)
Hypoparathyroidism
قصور جارات الدرقية
Endocrine
E20.9
Muscle crampsTingling in lips and fingersFatigue+1
Simultaneous measurement of serum calcium and intact PTH
Hypothyroidism
Verified
قصور الغدة الدرقية
Endocrine
E03.9
fatigue and lethargyweight gaincold intolerance+2
TSH and free T4 assay
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
التليف الرئوي مجهول السبب
Respiratory
J84.112
Progressive dyspnea, especially with physical exertionChronic dry cough unresponsive to conventional treatmentsPersistent fatigue and malaise+2
High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest
Impetigo
Verified
القوباء
Dermatological
L01.0
Red sores that rupture and oozeHoney-colored crustsItching and soreness+1
Bacterial culture and sensitivity of the lesion exudate
Infective Endocarditis
Verified
التهاب الشغاف العدوائي
Cardiovascular
I33.0
Unexplained fever and chillsNew heart murmur or change in an existing murmurFatigue and generalized weakness+2
Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) with positive blood cultures
Iron Deficiency Anemia
فقر الدم بعوز الحديد
Other
D50.9
Persistent fatigue and generalized weaknessPallor of skin and mucous membranesDyspnea on exertion+3
Serum ferritin test in conjunction with a complete blood count (CBC)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Verified
متلازمة القولون العصبي
Gastrointestinal
K58.9
Abdominal painBloatingDiarrhea+1
Clinical diagnosis based on Rome IV criteria (diagnosis of exclusion)
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Verified
التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي الشبابي
Musculoskeletal
M08.0
Joint pain and swellingMorning stiffnessLimping+2
Clinical diagnosis with exclusion of other diseases
Lichen Planus
Verified
الحزاز المسطح
Dermatological
L43.9
Purplish, itchy, flat-topped bumpsWhite lacy patches in the mouthHair loss+1
Histopathological examination of skin biopsy
Liver Cirrhosis
تشمع الكبد
Gastrointestinal
K74.60
FatigueJaundiceAbdominal swelling (ascites)+1
Liver biopsy (though transient elastography is increasingly used)
Lyme Disease
Verified
داء لايم
Infectious
A69.2
Fever and chillsFatigueMuscle and joint aches+2
Two-tiered serologic testing (ELISA and Western Blot)
Major Depressive Disorder
Verified
اضطراب الاكتئاب الكبير
Psychiatric
F33
persistent sadnessanhedoniafatigue+4
Clinical assessment based on DSM-5 criteria combined with standardized rating scales (e.g., PHQ-9)
Malaria
Verified
الملاريا
Infectious
B54
intermittent feverchillsdiaphoresis+3
thick and thin blood smears (microscopy) + rapid diagnostic test (RDT)
Measles
Verified
الحصبة
Infectious
B05.9
High feverCoughCoryza+2
RT-PCR for measles virus RNA
Meniere's disease
داء منيير
Other
H81.0
Episodic vertigoSensorineural hearing lossTinnitus+1
Audiometry and clinical criteria
Migraine
Verified
الصداع النصفي
Neurological
G43
Unilateral pulsating headacheNauseaPhotophobia+1
Clinical diagnosis (CT/MRI to rule out secondary causes)
Multiple Sclerosis
Verified
التصلب المتعدد
Neurological
G35
Muscle weakness and spasticityNumbness or tingling in the limbsDifficulty with balance and walking+3
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain and spinal cord with gadolinium contrast
Myasthenia Gravis
الوهن العضلي الوبيل
Neurological
G70.0
Fluctuating muscle weaknessPtosis (drooping eyelids)Diplopia (double vision)+3
Single-fiber electromyography (SFEMG) and autoantibody serology
Myasthenia Gravis
الوهن العضلي الوبيل
Neurological
G70.0
Fluctuating muscle weaknessPtosis (drooping eyelids)Diplopia (double vision)+3
Single-fiber electromyography (SFEMG) and specific autoantibody testing
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Verified
اضطراب الوسواس القهري
Psychiatric
F42.9
Recurrent and intrusive thoughts or images causing significant anxiety (obsessions)Repetitive behaviors or mental rituals (compulsions) such as excessive hand washing or checkingFeeling a strong urge to perform compulsive acts to alleviate anxiety or prevent a negative outcome+1
Clinical psychiatric interview using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS)
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
انقطاع النفس الانسدادي النومي
Respiratory
G47.33
Loud snoringWitnessed breathing pauses during sleepExcessive daytime sleepiness+2
In-laboratory Polysomnography (PSG)
Osteoarthritis
Verified
الخشونة (الفصال العظمي)
Musculoskeletal
M15
Activity-related joint painBrief morning stiffness < 30 minutesJoint swelling+2
Clinical evaluation combined with plain radiography (X-ray)
Osteomalacia
Verified
تلين العظام
Musculoskeletal
M83.9
Bone painMuscle weaknessDifficulty walking+1
Bone biopsy with tetracycline labeling (rarely performed)
Osteomyelitis
Verified
التهاب العظم والنقي
Musculoskeletal
M86.9
Bone painFeverSwelling+2
Bone biopsy with culture
Osteoporosis
Verified
هشاشة العظام
Musculoskeletal
M81.0
Often asymptomatic in early stages (silent disease)Back pain resulting from vertebral fractures or collapseLoss of height over time+2
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA scan)
Paget's disease of bone
Verified
داء باجيت العظمي
Musculoskeletal
M88.9
Bone painJoint stiffnessBone deformities+1
Plain radiography (X-ray)
Panic Disorder
Verified
اضطراب الهلع
Psychiatric
F41.0
Sudden episodes of intense fearPalpitations or rapid heart rateSweating and trembling+2
Clinical evaluation based on DSM-5 criteria
Parkinson's Disease
Verified
مرض باركنسون
Neurological
G20
resting tremorbradykinesiamuscle rigidity+3
clinical diagnosis (MDS Clinical Diagnostic Criteria) + levodopa responsiveness
Pemphigus Vulgaris
الفقاع الشائع
Dermatological
L10.0
Flaccid blisters on the skinPainful mucosal ulcers (especially oral)Easy peeling of the skin+1
Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) of perilesional skin biopsy
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Verified
قرحة المعدة والاثني عشر
Gastrointestinal
K27
burning epigastric painpain relief after food (duodenal ulcer) or exacerbation (gastric ulcer)nausea+1
esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
Peripheral artery disease
Verified
مرض الشريان المحيطي
Cardiovascular
I73.9
ClaudicationColdness in lower legNumbness+1
Peripheral angiography
Pheochromocytoma
Verified
ورم القواتم
Endocrine
C74.1
Throbbing headacheExcessive sweatingPalpitations+2
Measurement of plasma free metanephrines or 24-hour urine fractionated metanephrines
Pneumothorax
استرواح الصدر
Respiratory
J93.9
Sudden onset unilateral pleuritic chest painDyspneaTachypnea
Chest X-ray (PA view) or Chest CT scan
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
متلازمة المبيض المتعدد الكيسات
Endocrine
E28.2
Irregular menstrual periods (oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea)Excessive body and facial hair growth (hirsutism)Severe or treatment-resistant acne+2
Clinical diagnosis based on Rotterdam criteria with pelvic ultrasound and androgen panel
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Verified
ألم العضلات الروماتزمي
Musculoskeletal
M35.3
Bilateral shoulder pain and stiffnessHip and neck painMorning stiffness lasting more than 45 minutes+2
Clinical diagnosis supported by elevated inflammatory markers (ESR/CRP) and rapid response to steroids
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Verified
اضطراب كرب ما بعد الصدمة
Psychiatric
F43.10
Intrusive flashbacks of the traumatic eventRecurrent and distressing nightmares related to the traumatic eventAvoidance of places, people, or thoughts associated with the trauma+3
Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5)
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Verified
فرط جارات الدرقية الأولي
Endocrine
E21.0
Bone pain and joint achesKidney stones (nephrolithiasis)Fatigue and muscle weakness+2
Simultaneous measurement of serum calcium and intact PTH
Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
الزرق مفتوح الزاوية الأولي
Other
H40.11
Progressive peripheral vision lossTunnel vision in advanced stagesOften asymptomatic in early stages (known as the silent thief of sight)+1
Funduscopic examination for optic nerve assessment, combined with perimetry and intraocular pressure measurement
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
التهاب الأقنية الصفراوية المصلب الابتدائي
Gastrointestinal
K83.0
FatiguePruritus (itching)Jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes)+2
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
Pseudomembranous colitis
Verified
التهاب القولون الغشائي الكاذب
Gastrointestinal
A04.7
Watery diarrheaAbdominal pain and crampingFever+2
Stool test for C. difficile toxins (NAAT or EIA)
Psoriasis
Verified
الصدفية
Dermatological
L40
erythematous plaques with silvery scalesprurituspitting nails+1
Clinical evaluation, supplemented by skin biopsy when necessary
Pulmonary hypertension
Verified
ارتفاع ضغط الدم الرئوي
Respiratory
I27.20
Shortness of breathFatigueDizziness+1
Right heart catheterization
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Verified
السل الرئوي
Infectious
A15
persistent cough > 3 weekshemoptysis (occasionally)evening fever+3
Mycobacterial sputum culture + Xpert MTB/RIF
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Verified
التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي
Musculoskeletal
M05
joint swellingmorning stiffnesssymmetrical pain+1
anti-CCP + RF + ESR/CRP + radiographic imaging
Rosacea
Verified
العد الوردي (الوردية)
Dermatological
L71.9
Recurrent facial flushingPersistent centrofacial erythema (redness)Acne-like papules and pustules+1
Clinical diagnosis based on phenotype assessment
Sarcoidosis
الساركويد
Other
D86.9
Dry coughShortness of breathFatigue+1
Tissue biopsy demonstrating non-caseating granulomas
Scabies
الجرب
Infectious
B86
Intense itching, especially at nightPimple-like skin rashTiny blisters or bumps+1
Microscopic examination of skin scrapings
Schizoaffective disorder
Verified
الاضطراب الفصامي العاطفي
Psychiatric
F25.9
HallucinationsDelusionsDepressed mood+2
Clinical psychiatric evaluation based on DSM-5 criteria
Schizophrenia
Verified
الفصام
Psychiatric
F20.9
DelusionsHallucinations (predominantly auditory)Disorganized thinking and speech+2
Comprehensive clinical psychiatric assessment based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) criteria
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Verified
التهاب الجلد الدهني
Dermatological
L21.9
Erythematous plaquesGreasy yellow scalesPruritus+1
Clinical diagnosis
Sepsis and Septic Shock
Verified
الإنتان/تسمم الدم
Infectious
A41
Fever or hypothermiaTachycardiaTachypnea+3
Clinical assessment, SOFA score, blood/urine/site-specific cultures, and serum lactate levels
Sickle Cell Anemia
فقر الدم المنجلي
Other
D57.0
Episodes of severe pain (vaso-occlusive crises)Chronic fatigue and exhaustionPainful swelling of hands and feet (dactylitis)+2
Hemoglobin electrophoresis or High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Sjogren's Syndrome
Verified
متلازمة شوغرن
Musculoskeletal
M35.0
Dry eyesDry mouthJoint pain+1
Minor salivary gland biopsy
Social anxiety disorder
Verified
اضطراب القلق الاجتماعي
Psychiatric
F40.10
Intense fear of social situationsAvoidance of social interactionsPalpitations or trembling in social settings+2
Clinical psychiatric evaluation based on DSM-5 criteria
Stable Angina Pectoris
Verified
الذبحة الصدرية المستقرة
Cardiovascular
I20.9
Exertional chest painDyspneaChest pain relieved by rest
Coronary Angiography
Syphilis
مرض الزهري
Infectious
A53.9
Painless sore (chancre)Skin rashFever+1
Darkfield microscopy for Treponema pallidum
Systemic Amyloidosis
الداء النشواني الجهازي
Other
E85.9
FatigueWeight lossEdema+1
Tissue biopsy with Congo red staining
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
الذئبة الحمراء الجهازية
Musculoskeletal
M32
ArthralgiaMalar rashFatigue+4
ANA + anti-dsDNA + complement levels (C3/C4) + renal biopsy if kidney involvement is suspected
Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Verified
التصلب الجهازي (تصلب الجلد)
Musculoskeletal
M34.9
Skin thickening and tighteningRaynaud's phenomenon (color changes in fingers/toes)Heartburn and difficulty swallowing+2
Clinical diagnosis based on ACR/EULAR classification criteria, supported by specific autoantibody testing
Tetanus
Verified
الكزاز
Infectious
A35
Jaw cramping (trismus)Muscle spasmsPainful muscle stiffness+1
Clinical diagnosis (laboratory tests are not typically helpful)
Thalassemia
الثلاسيميا
Other
D56.9
FatiguePallorJaundice+2
Hemoglobin electrophoresis / High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
Trigeminal neuralgia
ألم العصب ثلاثي التوائم
Neurological
G50.0
Severe facial painElectric shock-like painPain triggered by chewing or speaking
Clinical diagnosis based on ICHD-3 criteria
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Verified
السكري من النوع الأول
Endocrine
E10
polydipsiapolyuriarapid weight loss+3
blood glucose measurement + HbA1c + anti-GAD antibodies
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Verified
السكري من النوع الثاني
Endocrine
E11
polydipsiapolyuriageneralized fatigue+2
HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose
Typhoid Fever
حمى التيفوئيد
Infectious
A01.0
Prolonged feverAbdominal painHeadache+1
Bone marrow culture
Ulcerative Colitis
Verified
التهاب القولون التقرحي
Gastrointestinal
K51.9
Bloody diarrheaAbdominal pain and crampingRectal pain+3
Colonoscopy with biopsy
Ulcerative Colitis
Verified
التهاب القولون التقرحي
Gastrointestinal
K51.9
Bloody diarrheaAbdominal pain and crampingRectal pain and bleeding+3
Colonoscopy with biopsy
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
النزف الهضمي العلوي
Gastrointestinal
K92.0
HematemesisMelenaDizziness+2
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) within 24 hours
Urinary Tract Infection
التهاب المسالك البولية
Infectious
N39
dysuriafrequencyurgency+3
quantitative urine culture (midstream catch)
Urticaria
الشرى
Dermatological
L50.9
Pruritic whealsAngioedemaTransient skin lesions
Clinical diagnosis
Vitiligo
البهاق
Dermatological
L80
Loss of skin color manifesting as well-defined white patchesPremature whitening or graying of scalp hair, eyelashes, or beardLoss of color in the mucous membranes inside the mouth and nose
Wood's lamp examination